Medical emergency calls and calls for central nervous system symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hangzhou, China.

Background: Since January 2020, the continuous and severe COVID-19 epidemic has ravaged various countries around the world and affected their emergency medical systems (EMS). The total number of emergency calls and the number of emergency calls for central nervous system (CNS) symptoms during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak in Hangzhou, China (January 20-March 20) were investigated, and it was investigated whether these numbers had decreased as compared with the corresponding period in 2019. Methods: The number of daily emergency calls, ambulance dispatches, and rescues at the Hangzhou Emergency Center (HEC) was counted. The CNS symptoms considered in this study included those of cerebrovascular diseases, mental and behavioral disorders, and other neurological diseases. Results: It was found that, during the 2020 study period, the number of emergency calls was 33,563, a decrease of 19.83% (95% CI: 14.02-25.41%) as compared to the 41,863 emergency calls in 2019 (P < 0.01). The number of ambulances dispatched was 10,510, a decrease of 25.55% (95 %CI: 18.52-35.11%) as compared to the 14,117 ambulances dispatched in 2019 (P < 0.01). The number of rescues was 7,638, a decrease of 19.67% (95% CI: 16.12-23.18%) as compared with the 9,499 rescues in 2019 (P < 0.01). It was also found that the number of emergency calls related to CNS symptoms, including symptoms of cerebrovascular diseases, mental and behavioral disorders, and other neurological diseases, was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The total number of medical emergency calls and the number of emergency calls for CNS symptoms occurring in a large city in China decreased significantly during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Explore the attitudes of children and adolescent parents towards the vaccination of COVID-19 in China.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing incidence of asymptomatic carriers or milder symptoms, children and adolescents are likely to become a silent source of infection. In view of the efficacy and safety of vaccines in the treatment of novel Coronavirus pneumonia, population-wide vaccination will be an inevitable trend to control the spread of COVID-19. However, there is no survey on the attitudes of Chinese parents of children and adolescents towards their children's COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: We used online questionnaires to find out the attitudes of Chinese parents toward their children's immunization against COVID-19. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors. RESULTS: A total of 2019 parents participated in the survey. Overall, 74.38% parents said they would actively get vaccinated, 8.90% refused to get vaccinated, 4.60% said they would delay vaccination and 12.12% were still undecided. CONCLUSIONS: In general, Chinese parents have a high desire to be vaccinated against COVID-19, and most parents have a positive attitude towards their children's vaccination. However, many people still hesitate or even refuse to be vaccinated. Education background, attitudes towards children's vaccination, children's age, recent illness and other factors have a certain impact on Chinese parents of children and adolescents towards their children's COVID-19 vaccination.

Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19：a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has not been completely controlled. Although great achievements have been made in COVID-19 research and many antiviral drugs have shown good therapeutic effects against COVID-19, a simple oral antiviral drug for COVID-19 has not yet been developed. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the improvement in mortality or hospitalization rates and adverse events among COVID-19 patients with three new oral antivirals (including molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid). METHODS: We searched scientific and medical databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library for relevant articles and screened the references of retrieved studies on COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of eight studies were included in this study. The drug group included 2440 COVID-19 patients, including 54 patients who died or were hospitalized. The control group included a total of 2348 COVID-19 patients, including 118 patients who died or were hospitalized. The overall odds ratio (OR) of mortality or hospitalization was 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.49) for COVID-19 patients in the drug group and placebo group, indicating that oral antiviral drugs were effective for COVID-19 patients and reduced the mortality or hospitalization by approximately 67%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that three novel oral antivirals (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) are effective in reducing the mortality and hospitalization rates in patients with COVID-19. In addition, the three oral drugs did not increase the occurrence of adverse events, thus exhibiting good overall safety. These three oral antiviral drugs are still being studied, and the available data suggest that they will bring new hope for COVID-19 recovery and have the potential to be a breakthrough and very promising treatment for COVID-19.KEY MESSAGESMany antiviral drugs have shown good therapeutic effects, and there is no simple oral antiviral drug for COVID-19 patients.Meta-analysis was conducted for three new oral antivirals to evaluate the improvement in mortality or hospitalization rates and adverse events among COVID-19 patients.We focussed on three new oral Coronavirus agents (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) and hope to provide guidance for the roll-out of oral antivirals.

Exploring the Pattern of Early COVID-19 Transmission Caused by Population Migration Based on 14 Cities in Hubei Province, China.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Relevant studies show that population migration has a great impact on the early spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to explore whether there is an explicit relationship between population migration and the number of confirmed cases for the control of the COVID-19 epidemic. This paper mainly explores the impact of population migration on early COVID-19 transmission, and establishes a predictive nonlinear mathematical model to predict the number of early cases. METHODS: Data of confirmed cases were sourced from the official website of the Municipal Health Committee, and the proportions of migration from Wuhan to other cities were sourced from the Baidu data platform. The data of confirmed cases and the migration proportions of 14 cities in Hubei Province were collected, the COVID-19 cases study period was determined as 10 days based on the third quartile of the interval of the incubation period, and a non-linear mathematical model was constructed to clarify the relationship between the migration proportion and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Finally, eight typical regions were selected to verify the accuracy of the model. RESULTS: The daily population migration rates and the growth curves of the number of confirmed cases in the 14 cities were basically consistent, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.91. The specific mathematical expression of 14 regions is . In each of the fourteen cities, The nonlinear exponential model structure is as follows:. It was found that the R 2 values of the fitted mathematical model were greater than 0.8 in all studied regions, excluding Suizhou (p < 0.05). The established mathematical model was used to fit eight regions in China, and the correlations between the predicted and actual numbers of confirmed cases were greater than 0.9, excluding that of Hebei Province (0.82). CONCLUSION: The study found that population migration has a positive and significant impact on the spread of COVID-19. Modeling COVID-19 risk may be a useful strategy for directing public health surveillance and interventions. Restricting the migration of the population is of great significance to the joint prevention and control of the pandemic worldwide.

Anxiety, depression, and stress prevalence among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak rapidly became a pandemic. The psychological state of people during the COVID-19 pandemic has gained interest. Our aim was to study the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to September 20, 2020. Reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria. Stata14/SE was used to calculate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of anxiety, depression, and stress among college students from different countries. A random effects model was adopted. The Egger test was used to determine publication bias. Results: A total of 280 references were retrieved, and 28 papers met our inclusion criteria, for a total of 436,799 college students. Thirteen studies involved non-Chinese college students, and 15 studies involved Chinese college students. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress was 29% (95% CI, 19-25%), 37% (95% CI, 32-42%), and 23% (95% CI, 8-39%), respectively. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative psychological effect on college students, and the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among Chinese college students is lower than among non-Chinese college students.